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1987-08-31
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Review of Curves.
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
About 5O% of a typical calculus course deals with curve-sketching. If you
don't know the properties of simple curves, you will have trouble with the
more involved ones! The following are properties of the simple curves.
The equation of a straight line with slope m, and y-intercept b is
y = mx + b .
The equation of a straight line with slope m, passing through the
point x = x , y = y , is
° °
y - y = m(x - x ) .
° °
The straight lines y = m x + b and y = m x + b intersect
1 1 2 2
at right angles if
m m = -1 .
1 2
The equation of a circle, radius r, center x = x , y = y , is
° °
2 2 2
(x - x ) + (y - y ) = r .
° °
The equation of a parabola with axis parallel to the y-axis is
2
y = ax + bx + c .
If a > O, the parabola opens upwards.
If a < O, the parabola opens downwards.
The vertex of the parabola is at x = -b/2a.
The equation of a parabola which crosses the x-axis at x = a, x = b, is
y = c(x - a)(x - b) .
The equation of a parabola with axis parallel to the x-axis is
2
x = ay + by + c .
If a > O, the parabola opens to the right.
If a < O, the parabola opens to the left.
The equation of a cubic is
3 2
y = ax + bx + cx + d .
If a > O, the cubic starts in the 3rd quadrant and ends in the 1st.
If a < O, the cubic starts in the 2nd quadrant and ends in the 4th.
The equation of a cubic which crosses the x-axis at x = a, x = b, x = c is
y = d(x - a)(x - b)(x - c) .
Two curves, y = f(x) and y = g(x), intersect at x = x , if
°
f(x ) = g(x ) .
° °
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